Uhlelo Lokuphathwa Kwebhethri (i-BMS) ludlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza okuphephile nokusebenza kahle kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion, okuhlanganisa amabhethri e-LFP kanye ne-ternary lithium (i-NCM/NCA). Inhloso yalo eyinhloko ukuqapha nokulawula amapharamitha ebhethri ahlukahlukene, njenge-voltage, izinga lokushisa, kanye nogesi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ibhethri lisebenza ngaphakathi kwemingcele ephephile. I-BMS iphinde ivikele ibhethri ekushajweni ngokweqile, ekukhishweni ngokweqile, noma ekusebenzeni ngaphandle kwebanga layo lokushisa elifanele. Emaphaketheni ebhethri anochungechunge oluningi lwamaseli (izintambo zebhethri), i-BMS ilawula ukulinganisa kwamaseli ngamanye. Lapho i-BMS yehluleka, ibhethri lishiywa lisengozini, futhi imiphumela ingaba mibi kakhulu.
1. Ukushaja ngokweqile noma ukukhipha ngokweqile
Omunye wemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu ye-BMS ukuvimbela ibhethri ukuthi lingashajwa ngokweqile noma likhishwe ngokweqile. Ukushaja ngokweqile kuyingozi kakhulu kumabhethri anamandla aphezulu njenge-ternary lithium (NCM/NCA) ngenxa yokuthi asengozini yokushisa ngokweqile. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-voltage yebhethri idlula imingcele ephephile, okungabangela ukuqhuma noma umlilo. Ukushaja ngokweqile, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungabangela umonakalo ohlala njalo kumaseli, ikakhulukazi kumabhethri e-LFP, angalahlekelwa amandla futhi abonise ukusebenza okubi ngemva kokukhishwa okujulile. Kuzo zombili izinhlobo, ukwehluleka kwe-BMS ukulawula i-voltage ngesikhathi sokushaja nokukhipha kungaholela ekulimaleni okungenakuguqulwa kwephakethe lebhethri.
2. Ukushisa Okudlulele Nokubaleka Kokushisa
Amabhethri e-lithium e-Ternary (i-NCM/NCA) azwela kakhulu emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, kakhulu kunamabhethri e-LFP, aziwa ngokuqina okungcono kokushisa. Kodwa-ke, zombili izinhlobo zidinga ukuphathwa kokushisa ngokucophelela. I-BMS esebenzayo iqapha izinga lokushisa lebhethri, iqinisekisa ukuthi lihlala ngaphakathi kwebanga eliphephile. Uma i-BMS yehluleka, kungenzeka ukushisa ngokweqile, okubangela ukusabela okuyingozi kweketanga okubizwa ngokuthi i-thermal runaway. Ephaketheni lebhethri elakhiwe uchungechunge oluningi lwamaseli (izintambo zebhethri), i-thermal runaway ingasakazeka ngokushesha kusuka kwelinye iseli iye kwelinye, okuholela ekwehlulekeni okubi kakhulu. Ezisetshenzisweni zamandla aphezulu njengezimoto zikagesi, le ngozi ikhuliswa ngoba ubuningi bamandla kanye nenani lamaseli kuphakeme kakhulu, okwandisa amathuba okuba nemiphumela emibi.
3. Ukungalingani Phakathi Kwamaseli Ebhethri
Kumabhethri anamaseli amaningi, ikakhulukazi lawo anezilungiselelo eziphezulu ze-voltage njengezimoto zikagesi, ukulinganisa i-voltage phakathi kwamaseli kubalulekile. I-BMS inesibopho sokuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke amaseli asephaketheni ayalingana. Uma i-BMS yehluleka, amanye amaseli angase ashajwe kakhulu kanti amanye ahlala eshajwe kancane. Kumasistimu anezintambo eziningi zamabhethri, lokhu kungalingani akugcini nje ngokunciphisa ukusebenza kahle okuphelele kodwa futhi kubeka ingozi yokuphepha. Amaseli ashajwe kakhulu ikakhulukazi asengozini yokushisa ngokweqile, okungabangela ukuthi ahluleke ngendlela eyingozi.
4. Ukulahlekelwa Kokuqapha Nokuqopha Idatha
Ezinhlelweni zamabhethri eziyinkimbinkimbi, njengalezo ezisetshenziswa ekugcineni amandla noma ezimotweni zikagesi, i-BMS iqapha njalo ukusebenza kwebhethri, ibhala idatha ngemijikelezo yokushaja, i-voltage, izinga lokushisa, kanye nempilo yeseli ngalinye. Lolu lwazi lubalulekile ekuqondeni impilo yamaphakethe ebhethri. Lapho i-BMS yehluleka, lokhu kuqapha okubalulekile kuyayeka, okwenza kube nzima ukulandelela ukuthi amaseli asephaketheni asebenza kahle kangakanani. Ezinhlelweni zamabhethri ane-voltage ephezulu anamaseli amaningi, ukungakwazi ukuqapha impilo yeseli kungaholela ekuhlulekeni okungalindelekile, njengokulahlekelwa amandla ngokuzumayo noma izehlakalo zokushisa.
5. Ukwehluleka Kwamandla Noma Ukusebenza Kahle Okunciphile
I-BMS ehlulekile ingaholela ekunciphiseni ukusebenza kahle noma ngisho nasekuhlulekeni ngokuphelele kukagesi. Ngaphandle kokuphathwa kahle kwe-i-voltage, izinga lokushisa, kanye nokulinganisela kwamaseli, uhlelo lungase luvale ukuze kuvinjelwe umonakalo owengeziwe. Ezinhlelweni laphoizintambo zebhethri ezinama-voltage aphezuluezihilelekile, njengezimoto zikagesi noma isitoreji samandla ezimboni, lokhu kungaholela ekulahlekelweni kwamandla ngokuzumayo, okubangela izingozi ezinkulu zokuphepha. Isibonelo, i-i-lithium ye-ternaryibhethri lingacima kungazelelwe ngenkathi imoto kagesi ihamba, okubangela izimo zokushayela eziyingozi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba 11-2024
