Isingeniso
UMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi waseShayina (i-MIIT) usanda kukhipha indinganiso ye-GB38031-2025, ebizwa ngokuthi "igunya lokuphepha kwebhethri eliqinile," eliyalela ukuthi zonke izimoto ezintsha zamandla (ama-NEV) kumele zifinyelele "ngaphandle komlilo, ngaphandle kokuqhuma" ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu ngoJulayi 1, 2026126. Lo mthethonqubo obalulekile uphawula ushintsho olubalulekile embonini, ubeka phambili ukuphepha njengemfuneko engaxoxiswana ngayo. Lapha, sihlola izidingo zobuchwepheshe ezishintshashintshayo zamabhethri kanye nentuthuko ehambisanayo ku-Battery Management Systems (BMS) ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nalezi zinselele.
1. Izindinganiso Zokuphepha Eziphakeme Zamabhethri E-NEV
Izinga le-GB38031-2025 lethula amazinga aqinile achaza kabusha ukuphepha kwebhethri:
- Ukuvimbela Ukubaleka Kwebhethri: Amabhethri kumele abhekane nezimo ezimbi kakhulu, okuhlanganisa ukungena kwezipikili, ukushaja ngokweqile, kanye nokuvezwa ekushiseni okuphezulu, ngaphandle kokubamba umlilo noma ukuqhuma okungenani imizuzu engama-6016. Lokhu kuqeda umqondo wangaphambilini "wesikhathi sokuphunyuka", odinga ukuphepha kwangaphakathi kuyo yonke impilo yebhethri.
- Ukuqina Kwesakhiwo Okuthuthukisiwe: Ukuhlolwa okusha, njengokumelana nokushayisana phansi (ukulingisa ukushayisana kwemfucumfucu yomgwaqo) kanye nokuhlolwa kokuphepha komjikelezo wokushaja ngokushesha, kuqinisekisa ukuqina ezimweni zangempela26.
- Ukuthuthukiswa Kobuningi Bezinto Nezamandla: Indinganiso iphoqelela ubuncane bobukhulu bamandla obungu-125 Wh/kg kumabhethri e-lithium iron phosphate (LFP), okuphoqa abakhiqizi ukuthi basebenzise izinto ezithuthukisiwe njengezingqimba ze-nano-insulation kanye ne-ceramic coatings16.
Lezi zidingo zizosheshisa ukuqedwa kwabakhiqizi abasezingeni eliphansi ngenkathi kuhlanganiswa ukubusa kwabaholi bemboni njenge-CATL ne-BYD, ubuchwepheshe babo (isb. i-CATL's CTP 3.0 kanye ne-BYD's Blade Battery) obuvele buhambisana nemigomo emisha26.
2. Ukuvela Kwe-BMS: Kusukela Ekuqapheni Kuya Ekuphepheni Okusebenzayo
Njengoba "ubuchopho" bezinhlelo zamabhethri, i-BMS kumele iguquke ukuze ihlangabezane nemiyalelo ye-GB38031-2025. Izitayela ezibalulekile zifaka:
a. Isitifiketi Sokuphepha Esiphezulu Sokusebenza
I-BMS kumele ifinyelele izinga eliphezulu kakhulu lobuqotho bokuphepha kwezimoto (i-ASIL-D ngaphansi kwe-ISO 26262) ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile. Isibonelo, i-BMS yesizukulwane sesine se-BAIC New Energy, eqinisekiswe yi-ASIL-D ngo-2024, yehlisa amazinga okwehluleka kwehadiwe ngo-90% ngokuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela kanye nokuklama kokungasebenzi kahle3. Izinhlelo ezinjalo zibalulekile ekutholakaleni kwamaphutha kusenesikhathi kanye nokuvimbela ukuphuma kokushisa.
b. Ukuhlanganiswa Kwezobuchwepheshe Bokuzwa Okuthuthukisiwe
Izindlela zokuxwayisa kusenesikhathi zibalulekile. Izinzwa ze-hydrogen, njengalezo ezakhiwe yi-Xinmeixin, zibona ukukhishwa kwegesi (isb., i-H₂) ngesikhathi sokushisa okushisayo okusesigabeni sokuqala, zinikeza isixwayiso esifika kumaminithi angu-400 kusenesikhathi. Lezi zinzwa ezisekelwe ku-MEMS, eziqinisekiswe ngaphansi kwe-AEC-Q100, zinikeza ukuzwela okuphezulu nokuqina, okuvumela izixazululo zokuphepha ezingabizi kakhulu nezisezingeni eliphezulu5.
c. I-BMS Enikwe Amandla Amafu kanye Nokwenza Kusebenze Kahle Okuqhutshwa Yi-AI
Ukuhlanganiswa kwamafu kuvumela ukuhlaziywa kwedatha ngesikhathi sangempela kanye nokugcinwa kokubikezela. Izinkampani ezifana ne-NXP Semiconductors zisebenzisa amawele edijithali asekelwe efwini ukuze zithuthukise ama-algorithms, zithuthukise ukunemba kokulinganisa kwesimo sokushaja (i-SOC) kanye nesimo sempilo (i-SOH) ngo-12%7. Lolu shintsho luthuthukisa ukuphathwa kwemikhumbi futhi luvumela amasu okushaja aguquguqukayo, kwandise isikhathi sokuphila kwebhethri.
d. Ukuqamba Okusha Okungabizi Kakhulu Phakathi Kwezindleko Zokuthobela Imithetho Ezikhulayo
Ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso ezintsha kungakhuphula izindleko zesistimu yebhethri ngo-15–20% ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwezinto (isb., ama-electrolyte avimbela ilangabi) kanye nokuhlelwa kabusha kwesakhiwo2. Kodwa-ke, izinto ezintsha ezifana nobuchwepheshe be-CTP obujwayelekile be-CATL kanye nezinhlelo zokuphatha ukushisa ezilula kusiza ekunciphiseni izindleko ngenkathi kukhulisa ubuningi bamandla68.
3. Imiphumela Ebanzi Yemboni
l Ukushintsha Uchungechunge Lokunikezela: Izinkampani zamabhethri ezincane kuya kweziphakathi ezingaphezu kuka-30% zingase ziphume emakethe ngenxa yezithiyo zobuchwepheshe nezezezimali, kuyilapho ukubambisana phakathi kwabenzi bezimoto nabaholi bezobuchwepheshe (isib. i-CATL ne-BYD) kuzojula12.
l Ukusebenzisana Kwezimboni Ezihlukahlukene: Intuthuko yokuphepha kumabhethri e-NEV isakazeka ezinhlelweni zokugcina amandla (i-ESS), lapho izinhlelo zokusebenza zegridi zidinga ukuthembeka okufanayo "okungenamlilo, okungenakuqhuma".
l Ubuholi Bomhlaba Wonke: Izindinganiso zaseShayina zilungele ukuthonya izindinganiso zomhlaba wonke, nezinkampani ezifana neXinmeixin zithumela ubuchwepheshe bezinzwa ze-hydrogen ezimakethe zomhlaba wonke5.
Isiphetho
Izinga le-GB38031-2025 limelela isigaba sokuguqula umkhakha we-NEV waseShayina, lapho ukuphepha nokusungula izinto ezintsha kuhlangana khona. Kubakhiqizi bamabhethri, ukusinda kuncike ekuqondeni ukuphathwa kokushisa kanye nesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo. Kubathuthukisi be-BMS, ikusasa lisezinhlelweni ezihlakaniphile, ezixhunywe ngamafu ezivimbela izingozi kunokuba zisabela kuzo. Njengoba imboni ishintsha kusukela "ekukhuleni ngazo zonke izindleko" kuya ekusunguleni "kokuphepha kuqala", izinkampani ezifaka lezi zimiso ku-DNA yazo zizohola inkathi elandelayo yokuhamba okusimeme.
Hlala ubukele izibuyekezo ezengeziwe mayelana nentuthuko yemithetho kanye nobuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu obubumba ikusasa lezimoto ezintsha zamandla.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-22-2025
