Isingeniso
UMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi wase-China (MIIT) usanda kukhipha indinganiso ye-GB38031-2025, ebizwa ngokuthi "igunya lokuphepha kwebhethri eliqine kakhulu," eligunyaza ukuthi zonke izimoto zamandla amasha (ama-NEV) kumele zifeze "umlilo, akukho ukuqhuma" ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu ngoJulayi 1, 2026126. Lesi simiso esiyingqopha-mlando siphawula ukuguqulwa okubalulekile embonini njengokubalulekile, okudinga ukushintshwa okubalulekile njengengxenye yokuphepha. Lapha, sihlola izidingo zobuchwepheshe ezithuthukayo zamabhethri kanye nentuthuko ehambisanayo kokuthi Amasistimu Okuphatha Ibhethri (BMS) ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nalezi zinselele.
1. Amazinga Okuphepha Aphakeme Amabhethri e-NEV
Izinga le-GB38031-2025 lethula amabhentshimakhi aqinile achaza kabusha ukuphepha kwebhethri:
- Ukuvimbela Ukubaleka Okushisayo: Amabhethri kufanele amelane nezimo ezeqisayo, okuhlanganisa ukungena kwezinzipho, ukushajwa ngokweqile, nokuchayeka kuzinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ngaphandle kokubamba umlilo noma ukuqhuma okungenani imizuzu engama-6016. Lokhu kuqeda umqondo wangaphambilini "wesikhathi sokubaleka", odinga ukuphepha kwangaphakathi kuwo wonke umjikelezo wempilo webhethri.
- Ubuqotho Besakhiwo Esithuthukisiwe: Ukuhlola okusha, okufana nokumelana nomthelela ophansi (ukulingisa ukungqubuzana kwemfucumfucu yomgwaqo) nokuhlola ukuphepha komjikelezo wangemva kokushajwa, kuqinisekisa ukuqina ezimweni zomhlaba wangempela26.
- Ukuthuthukiswa Kokuminyana Kwezinto Ezibalulekile Namandla: Izinga ligcizelela ubuncane bokuminyana kwamandla obungu-125 Wh/kg kumabhethri e-lithium iron phosphate (LFP), licindezela abakhiqizi ukuthi basebenzise izinto ezithuthukisiwe njengezendlalelo ze-nano-insulation kanye nama-ceramic coatings16.
Lezi zidingo zizosheshisa ukuqedwa kwabakhiqizi bezinga eliphansi kuyilapho kuhlanganisa ukubusa kwabaholi bemboni efana ne-CATL ne-BYD, ababuchwepheshe babo (isb., i-CATL's CTP 3.0 kanye ne-BYD's Blade Battery) vele ihambisana nemikhuba emisha26.
2. Ukuvela kwe-BMS: Kusuka Ekugadweni Kuya Ekuphepheni Okusebenzayo
"Njengengqondo" yezinhlelo zebhethri, i-BMS kufanele iguquke ukuze ihlangabezane neziyalezo ze-GB38031-2025. Amathrendi angukhiye afaka:
a. Isitifiketi Sokuphepha Esisebenzayo Esiphezulu
I-BMS kufanele ifinyelele izinga eliphezulu lobuqotho bokuphepha kwezimoto (ASIL-D ngaphansi kwe-ISO 26262) ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okungaphumeleli. Isibonelo, i-BAIC New Energy's BMS yesizukulwane sesine, eqinisekisiwe i-ASIL-D ngo-2024, yehlisa izilinganiso zokuhluleka kwezingxenyekazi zekhompiyutha ngo-90% ngokuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela kanye nokudizayina kabusha3. Amasistimu anjalo abalulekile ukuze kutholwe amaphutha kusenesikhathi futhi kuvinjwe ukubaleka okushisayo.
b. Ukuhlanganiswa Kwezobuchwepheshe Zokuzwa Okuthuthukisiwe
Izindlela zokuxwayisa kusenesikhathi zibalulekile. Izinzwa ze-Hydrogen, njengalezo ezithuthukiswe i-Xinmeixin, zibona ukukhishwa kwegesi (isb, H₂) phakathi nesigaba sangaphambi kwesikhathi sokushisa okushisayo, okuhlinzeka ngemizuzu engama-400 yesexwayiso kusengaphambili. Lezi zinzwa ezisekelwe ku-MEMS, ezigunyazwe ngaphansi kwe-AEC-Q100, zinikeza ukuzwela okuphezulu nokuqina, okwenza kube nezindleko, izixazululo zokuphepha ezisezingeni eliphezulu5.
c. I-BMS enikwe amandla ngamafu kanye Nokuthuthukiswa Kwe-AI-Driven
Ukuhlanganiswa kwamafu kuvumela ukuhlaziywa kwedatha yesikhathi sangempela kanye nokugcinwa kokubikezela. Izinkampani ezifana ne-NXP Semiconductors zisebenzisa amawele edijithali asekelwe efwini ukuze acwengisise ama-algorithms, athuthukise isimo sezindleko (SOC) kanye nokunemba kokulinganisa kwe-state-of-health (SOH) ngo-12%7. Lolu shintsho luthuthukisa ukuphathwa kwemikhumbi futhi lunike amandla amasu okushaja aguquguqukayo, anwebe ubude bebhethri.
d. Izindlela Ezintsha Ezingabizi Ngaphakathi Kwezindleko Ezikhulayo Zokuthobela
Ukuhlangabezana namazinga amasha kungase kwenyuse izindleko zesistimu yebhethri ngo-15–20% ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo (isb., ama-electrolyte abamba ilangabi) kanye nokuhlelwa kabusha kwesakhiwo2. Kodwa-ke, izinto ezintsha ezifana nobuchwepheshe be-CTP be-CATL obujwayelekile kanye nezinhlelo zokuphatha ezishisayo zisiza ukunciphisa izindleko ngenkathi kukhulisa ukuminyana kwamandla68.
3. Imithelela Ebanzi Yemboni
l Ukuma Kabusha Kochungechunge Lokuthenga: Ngaphezu kuka-30% wamafemu amabhethri amancane kuya kwamaphakathi angase aphume emakethe ngenxa yemingcele yezobuchwepheshe nezezimali, kuyilapho ukusebenzisana phakathi kwabakhi bezimoto nabaholi bezobuchwepheshe (isb, i-CATL ne-BYD) kuzojula12.
l I-Cross-Industry Synergies: Intuthuko yezokuphepha kumabhethri e-NEV ichitheka ezinhlelweni zokugcina amandla (ESS), lapho izinhlelo zokusebenza zesikali segridi zidinga ukwethembeka okufanayo kokuthi "akukho mlilo, akukho kuqhuma"2.
l Ubuholi Bomhlaba Wonke: Izindinganiso zaseShayina zikulungele ukuba nomthelela ezinkambisweni zomhlaba wonke, nezinkampani ezinjenge-Xinmeixin ezithumela ngaphandle ubuchwepheshe benzwa ye-hydrogen ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe5.
Isiphetho
Izinga le-GB38031-2025 limele isigaba soguquko somkhakha we-NEV wase-China, lapho ukuphepha nokuqamba kuhlangana khona. Kubakhiqizi bebhethri, ukusinda kuncike ekwazini ukuphatha okushisayo nesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo. Konjiniyela be-BMS, ikusasa lilele kumasistimu ahlakaniphile, axhunywe ngamafu avikela izingozi kunokusabela kuzo. Njengoba imboni ishintsha kusukela "ekukhuleni kuzo zonke izindleko" kuya emisha "yokuphepha-kuqala", izinkampani ezishumeka lezi zimiso ku-DNA yazo zizohola inkathi elandelayo yokuhamba okuzinzile.
Hlala ubukele ukuze uthole izibuyekezo ezengeziwe mayelana nentuthuko yokulawula kanye nobuchwepheshe obuphambili obulolonga ikusasa lezimoto ezintsha zamandla.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-22-2025
